从复古到摩登: 丰田市的建筑
丰田市最有名的当数汽车制造业，但这座城市里众多出自建筑大师之手的建筑和景观同样引人注目。
丰田体育场和丰田大桥
设计 / 黑川纪章
黑川纪章(1934-2007)是日本建筑业新陈代谢运动的发起人，他设计了东京中银胶囊大楼（2022年拆除）、吉隆坡国际机场等多处地标建筑。为纪念丰田建市50周年，黑川纪章设计了丰田大桥（1999年开通）和丰田体育场（2001年开放）。丰田大桥将丰田市中心和体育馆连接起来，桥的拱弧和体育馆的屋顶相得益彰。丰田市内矢作川上桥梁还有拱形的平成纪念桥、久澄桥以及引人注目的矢作川桥（也叫丰田箭头桥）。
丰田市美术馆
设计 / 谷口吉生
1995年落成开放的丰田市美术馆被誉为谷口吉生(1937- )最杰出的作品，此后他又主持了纽约现代艺术博物馆(MoMA)的新馆设计。谷口吉生说，丰田市美术馆的设计主旨是引导参观者踏上一段“邂逅艺术，感动身心”之旅。
这座现代建筑本身就是一件艺术品。它矗立于山丘之上，可俯瞰整个城市景观。与之相连的是一个露天平台，建有倒影池以及美国景观设计师彼得·沃克(Peter Walker,1932- )设计的雕塑庭园。美术馆掩映在树丛中，当参观者徐徐步入时才次第显露真容。内部空间设计旨在向参观者呈现逐步变换的光影环境，底层晦暗，上层则明亮开阔。
位于美术馆前庭西南角的童子苑茶室同样是谷口吉生的作品，它的设计强调了日本传统和现代建筑的共性，如极简主义、纯净的线条，以及对空间的灵活运用。
高桥节郎馆
美术馆的别馆——高桥节郎馆也是由谷口吉生设计，里面展示的是先锋漆画家高桥节郎(1914-2007)的作品。
丰田鞍之池纪念馆
设计 / 槙文彦
具备现代主义建筑风格的丰田鞍之池纪念馆是一座展示丰田汽车公司历史的博物馆，建于1974年，设计师是槙文彦(1928- )，他以设计东京螺旋体大厦和旧金山芳草地艺术中心而闻名。鞍之池纪念馆坐落在鞍之池公园内，既是展示丰田汽车公司成就的荣誉殿堂，又可供VIP贵宾下榻。
丰田喜一郎故居
设计 / 铃木桢次
纪念馆隔壁就是丰田汽车的创始人丰田喜一郎(1894-1952)的故居，这栋建于20世纪30年代的3层住宅融合了日本和西方元素，设计师是被誉为“名古屋现代建筑之父”的铃木桢次(1870-1941)。
住箱(鞍之池公园)
设计 / 隈研吾
鞍之池公园内还有5栋外观小巧、内部奢华的长方形移动式住宿设施，它们是著名设计师隈研吾(1954- )的作品。隈研吾是东京新国立竞技场和法国马赛FRAC当代艺术中心的设计者。这些被隈研吾称为“住箱”(jyubako)的房屋是全球“小房子运动”的一部分，也是与户外活动装备品牌“雪峰”(Snow Peak)的合作成果，意在探索如何最大限度地利用普通移动房屋的空间和舒适性。
丰田市逢妻交流馆
设计 / 妹岛和世
丰田市逢妻交流馆是一处社区活动中心，由妹岛和世(1956- )设计。她创立的SANAA建筑设计事务所曾经主持设计纽约新当代艺术博物馆和金泽21世纪当代美术馆。妹岛和世还是获得建筑学最高荣誉普利兹克奖的全球第二位女性设计师（与SANAA的合伙人西泽立卫共同获奖）。她设计的这座曲线建筑最显著的特征是通透，所有会议室都装有顶天立地的大玻璃窗，使得室内室外的人能够彼此看得见对方。
Kirakutei
Located within the grounds of the Toyota Sangyo Bunka Center, Kirakutei is a modern Japanese-style building from the late Taisho and early Showa periods. Formerly a restaurant and hotel, many famous guests stayed at Kirakutei, among them politician Korekiyo Takahashi, Prince Takamatsu, and actress Yaeko Mizutani.
400-year-old pine trees from Shiyogenji Temple in Toyota City's Hirokawa-cho were used as construction materials, while the roof tiles carved with the characters for "kiraku" are said to have been handcrafted by tile master Tsuzuki from Toyota City's Ichigi-cho.
Toyota City Folk Craft Museum
The First Folk Craft Hall was constructed from part of The Japan Folk Crafts Museum in Komaba, Tokyo established by Dr. Muneyoshi Yanagi, the founder of the Japanese Folk Craft Movement.
With the support of Shizuo Honda, industrialist, scholar of ancient ceramics, and honorary citizen of Toyota City, the city acquired and opened the museum in 1983. In coordination with the changing seasons at Hiratobashi Park, the museum plans exhibitions four times per year where visitors are able to come in contact with delightful handiwork and the origins of craftsmanship.
Toyota City Folk Craft Museum >>
Sanshu Asuke Yashiki Museum
Sanshu Asuke Yashiki Museum is a living folk culture museum that first opened in 1980. A recreation of the former villa of a wealthy farming family, the rear house, main house, and bamboo house feature a thatched-roof, wooden construction. Here, ten different handicrafts that were once a part of mountain life in this region such as charcoal making, papermaking, woodworking, and weaving are demonstrated by artisans.
Sanshu Asuke Yashiki Museum >>
Also Recommended!
Two Other Popular Spots You'll Want to Visit!
◆Toyota City Concert Hall
On the 10th floor of Toyota Sangohkan is Toyota City Concert Hall, a dedicated music hall that boasts a warm, natural space of marble and wood.
In the front part of the hall is a pipe organ built in the North German Baroque style. A symbol of the concert hall, this organ reverberates with a magnificent tone quality.
Toyota City Nohgakudo
On the 8th floor of Toyota Sangohkan is Toyota City Nohgakudo, with a gabled-roof stage made completely of Japanese cypress wood that will transport you to the world of classical Japanese performing arts.
Designed to resemble the stages of the Momoyama period, this theater is used not only for Noh and Kyogen plays, but also for other traditional performing arts such as Japanese music played on the koto, shamisen, and shakuhachi or Japanese dance.